Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
Published on: July 14, 2016
Some disease-associated ancestral haplotypes carry a polymorphism of TNF
R L Dawkins1, A Leaver, P U Cameron
1Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Western Australia.
Abstract:
We describe here an Nco I restriction fragment length polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor carried by the 8.1 (HLA-A1,B8,BfS,C4AQ0,C4B1,DR3) and the 44.1 (HLA-B44,BfS,C4A3,C4BQ0,DR4) ancestral haplotypes associated with complications of rheumatoid arthritis. By examining multiple examples of these and other ancestral haplotypes it was seen that 8.1 and 44.1 ancestral haplotypes yield fragments of approximately 5.5 kb while many other ancestral haplotypes carry fragments of approximately 10.5 kb. The polymorphism is associated with the ancestral haplotype rather than the HLA-B or -DR allele defined by conventional serology.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Multiple Allele Traits
Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Exon Recombination
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

