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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

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Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Emerging drugs for bronchiectasis: an update.

Anne B Chang1, Robyn L Marsh, Heidi C Smith-Vaughan

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Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|March 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Bronchiectasis, a chronic airway disease, is increasing globally. Further research into its causes and treatments is crucial to reduce its significant health burden.

Keywords:
adultsbronchiectasischildrencoughtreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Bronchiectasis is a progressive airway disease characterized by inflammation, infection, and obstruction, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • The global burden of bronchiectasis is rising in both developed and developing nations.
  • Current understanding highlights a self-perpetuating cycle contributing to disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of bronchiectasis clinical features, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.
  • To highlight recent therapeutic advancements for bronchiectasis.
  • To identify future research priorities for managing this heterogeneous condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on bronchiectasis.
  • Synthesis of current treatment strategies.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Bronchiectasis remains a challenge with limited targeted therapies, often termed an 'orphan disease' in drug development.
  • Progress has been made in disease recognition and study.
  • Significant research is still needed for effective prevention and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advances, bronchiectasis requires a coordinated global research effort.
  • Further investigation into pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment is essential.
  • Addressing the heterogeneity of bronchiectasis across all demographics is a key future goal.