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Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Polytypism, polymorphism, and superconductivity in TaSe(2-x)Te(x).

Huixia Luo1, Weiwei Xie2, Jing Tao3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and rcava@princeton.edu huixial@princeton.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Polymorphism and polytypism significantly impact tantalum diselenide (TaSe2) superconductivity. The 3R polytype exhibits a superconducting transition temperature 6-17 times higher than the 2H polytype.

Keywords:
charge-density wavedichalcogenidepolymorphismpolytypismsuperconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymorphism, differing crystal structures of the same compound, can drastically alter material properties, as seen in TiO2 polymorphs.
  • Polytypism, a variation in layer-stacking within layered materials like SiC, typically has minor effects on physical properties.
  • Tantalum diselenide (TaSe2) is a representative layered dichalcogenide, a class of materials where polytypism's impact is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of polytypism and polymorphism on the superconductivity of TaSe2.
  • To explore the TaSe(2-x)Te(x) solid solution for accessible polytypes and polymorphs.
  • To quantify the changes in superconducting transition temperature (Tc) associated with different TaSe2 structures.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of TaSe(2-x)Te(x) solid solutions to access various polytypes and polymorphs.
  • Experimental measurement of superconducting transition temperatures for the identified phases.
  • Analysis of structural differences between polytypes and their correlation with superconductivity.

Main Results:

  • Two stable polytypes and two stable polymorphs were successfully accessed in the TaSe(2-x)Te(x) system.
  • The 3R polytype of TaSe2 demonstrated a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) significantly higher (6-17 times) than the common 2H polytype.
  • This substantial enhancement in Tc for the 3R polytype suggests a strong dependence on structural variations.

Conclusions:

  • Polytypism in TaSe2 can lead to dramatic changes in superconducting properties, contrary to typical observations in other layered materials.
  • The observed enhancement in Tc for the 3R polytype may stem from subtle single-layer property variations or unexpected stacking-sequence effects on electronic behavior.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms behind the significant impact of polytypism on TaSe2 superconductivity.