Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

2.7K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
2.7K
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

3.5K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
3.5K
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

1.8K
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.8K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

1.9K
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
1.9K
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

1.3K
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
1.3K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

574
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
574

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Noninvasive decoding of typed sentences from human brain activity.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Expression of adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors in ovarian cancer: their clinical potential in diagnosis and prognosis.

Molecular biology reports·2026
Same author

Prefrontal tDCS modulates behavioural and neural signatures associated with consciousness.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Rethinking CPAP Adherence with Artificial Intelligence.

Sleep·2026
Same author

Association of nailfold capillaroscopic features with cardiac block and arrhythmias due to systemic sclerosis-related primary heart involvement.

Reumatologia·2026
Same author

Atlas of intracranial electroencephalography complexity across cortical regions and global states of consciousness in the human brain.

PNAS nexus·2026
Same journal

In This Issue.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Long-term cultural continuity across the Neanderthal-modern human sequence at Üçağızlı II Cave, northern Levant.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Dolphins use names to remember whom to avoid.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Retraction for Shaked and Frenkel, Curiouser and curiouser: Meningeal lymphoid structures in the aging brain.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Small but mighty: The outsized role of small water bodies in the global carbon cycle.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Functional traits produce conditional outcomes in different community contexts.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.7K

Disruption of hierarchical predictive coding during sleep.

Melanie Strauss1, Jacobo D Sitt2, Jean-Remi King2

  • 1Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U992, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France; NeuroSpin Center, Institute of BioImaging, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France; strauss.mel@gmail.com stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory predictive coding, essential for detecting sound patterns, is disrupted during sleep. While basic processing remains, both short-term and long-term auditory predictions are impaired, impacting novelty detection.

Keywords:
MMNP300magnetoencephalographymismatch responseprediction

More Related Videos

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

25.8K
A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.7K
Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

25.8K
A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Sleep Research

Background:

  • The brain processes auditory sequences by predicting regularities and detecting deviations.
  • Auditory novelty detection involves mismatch negativity and P300 event-related potentials.
  • Previous studies inconsistently observed these responses during sleep stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether auditory predictive coding and novelty detection persist during sleep.
  • To clarify the impact of sleep on local and global auditory regularities.
  • To determine if conscious vigilance is necessary for auditory prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) were recorded.
  • Subjects listened to a hierarchical auditory paradigm during wakefulness and sleep.
  • Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed to assess novelty detection components.

Main Results:

  • The global auditory response (P300) vanished during sleep, suggesting a link to conscious error detection.
  • The local mismatch response (MMN) persisted across sleep stages (N1, N2, REM).
  • A specific peak reflecting prediction error in the local response was absent during sleep.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep preserves initial auditory processing and passive sensory adaptation.
  • Sleep specifically disrupts both short-term and long-term auditory predictive coding mechanisms.
  • High-level auditory error detection and prediction appear to require conscious awareness.