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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Tuning myosin-driven sorting on cellular actin networks.

Rizal F Hariadi1, Ruth F Sommese1, Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.

Elife
|March 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antagonistic motors myosin V and VI can sort membrane cargo. Their collective function depends on motor ratio and actin structure, offering a simple mechanism for cargo sorting.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologybiophysicscell biologymembrane traffickingmolecular motorsnonesingle molecule biophysicsstructural biologysynthetic biologyunconventional myosins

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular motors

Background:

  • Myosin V and VI motors work antagonistically on cellular membrane vesicles.
  • Their collective function and cargo sorting mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the collective function of antagonistic myosin V and VI motors.
  • To understand how motor ratio and actin architecture influence cargo sorting.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstituted a 2D actin-myosin interface using DNA nanostructures patterned with myosin V and VI.
  • Utilized a model keratocyte actin meshwork.
  • Combined experimental observations with computational modeling.

Main Results:

  • Directional flux of scaffolds was modulated by actin architecture and myosin lever arm properties.
  • The relative numbers of myosin V and VI motors precisely tuned the directional flux.
  • The ratio of motor stall forces was identified as a key factor in competitive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a mechanism for membrane cargo sorting using antagonistic motors.
  • Cargo sorting can be achieved by modulating the relative engagement sites of myosin V and VI.
  • This provides insights into cellular cargo transport regulation.