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Updated: Apr 16, 2026
10:04
Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation
Published on: January 12, 2016
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HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ
|March 6, 2015
Summary
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved longevity for HIV patients but has not eliminated HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Further research into HAND pathogenesis and treatment is crucial.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Neurocognitive impairment, or HAND, persists in HIV-infected individuals despite advancements in HAART.
- HAND encompasses asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD).
- Pathogenesis of HAND involves complex host-virus interactions influenced by immune system status.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of HAND in the HAART era.
- To discuss the pathogenic mechanisms and immune system's role in HAND.
- To highlight the need for improved therapeutic strategies beyond HAART.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on HAND and HAART.
- Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms involving host-virus-immune interactions.
- Evaluation of current therapeutic limitations and future directions.
Main Results:
- HAART delays onset and reduces severity of HAND but does not prevent or reverse it.
- Immune system condition significantly impacts HAND development.
- Optimal therapeutic approaches for HAND remain undetermined.
Conclusions:
- Current HAART regimens are insufficient to fully address HAND.
- Combination therapy with high cytopathic effect (CPE) drugs is a potential strategy.
- Exploration of adjunctive and alternative therapies for HAND is warranted.
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