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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
21.5K
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

111
The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.8K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

754
Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
754
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

31.2K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
31.2K

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Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
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Accelerated exploration of multi-principal element alloys with solid solution phases.

O N Senkov1, J D Miller1, D B Miracle1

  • 1Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, 2230 Tenth Street, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA.

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|March 6, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High entropy alloys (HEAs) present many possibilities, but screening them is challenging. A new method using calculated phase diagrams rapidly assesses over 130,000 HEA systems, revealing solid solution alloys become less likely with more elements.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • High entropy alloys (HEAs) offer vast compositional space but require efficient screening methods.
  • Thousands of potential HEA systems necessitate rapid assessment for targeted material properties.
  • Current HEA development faces challenges in quickly identifying promising alloy candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid computational approach for screening multi-principal element, high entropy alloy systems.
  • To identify promising alloy compositions for structural metal applications through efficient assessment.
  • To challenge the prevailing assumption that increased elemental number in HEAs inherently favors solid solution phases.

Main Methods:

  • Combining calculated phase diagrams with simple rules based on phase stability, transformation temperatures, and microstructural characteristics.
  • Evaluating a large dataset of over 130,000 multi-principal element alloy systems.
  • Analyzing the relationship between the number of alloy elements, configurational entropy, and the likelihood of intermetallic compound formation.

Main Results:

  • A novel computational strategy was successfully developed and applied to screen over 130,000 alloy systems.
  • The study identified numerous promising alloy compositions suitable for further experimental investigation.
  • A surprising trend emerged: solid solution alloys become less probable as the number of constituent elements increases.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides an efficient pathway for rapid assessment of HEA candidates.
  • The findings challenge the fundamental premise that higher elemental complexity in HEAs directly leads to increased solid solution stability.
  • Increased probability of intermetallic compound formation, rather than configurational entropy, appears to govern phase stability in complex alloys.