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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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A new technique for analyzing trace element uptake by human enamel.

Yoshiki Funato1, Yasuhiro Matsuda, Katsushi Okuyama

  • 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine.

Dental Materials Journal
|March 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Fluoride and strontium restorative materials significantly reduce tooth demineralization. The micro-particle-induced gamma/X-ray emission (PIGE/PIXE) technique effectively measured element uptake into enamel, aiding caries prevention research.

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Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Biomaterials
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Fluorine (F) and strontium (Sr) are crucial for tooth demineralization and remineralization processes.
  • Understanding elemental distribution is key to developing effective caries prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze the distribution of F and Sr from fluoride- and Sr-containing restorative materials (FSCMs) into human tooth enamel.
  • To assess the impact of FSCMs on enamel demineralization.

Main Methods:

  • Extracted human molars with prepared cavities were filled with FSCMs.
  • Specimens underwent 5 weeks of automatic pH cycling.
  • Demineralization was quantified by integrated mineral loss (ΔIML) using transverse microradiography.
  • Elemental distribution of F and Sr was analyzed using micro-particle-induced gamma/X-ray emission (micro-PIGE/PIXE).

Main Results:

  • Micro-PIGE/PIXE revealed differential fluorine uptake between the enamel surface and cavity wall.
  • FSCMs significantly reduced ΔIML compared to intact enamel, indicating enhanced resistance to demineralization.
  • The study demonstrated successful measurement of F and Sr uptake into enamel.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-PIGE/PIXE is a valuable technique for measuring elemental uptake from dental restorative materials into enamel.
  • FSCMs show potential for reducing tooth demineralization and preventing caries.
  • This research provides insights beneficial for developing new caries prevention methods.