[Tardive dyskinesia. After more than 2 decades]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Psychiatry

Context:

• Tardive dyskinesia is a complex neurological disorder often associated with antipsychotic medication use.
• Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical aspects of tardive dyskinesia.
• To review current evaluation tools, epidemiological data, and neuropathological hypotheses.
• To highlight the difficulties and limitations faced by clinicians in diagnosing and managing this condition.

Summary:

• The clinical presentation of tardive dyskinesia is detailed, emphasizing diagnostic complexities.
• Epidemiological data and current neuropathological theories are discussed.
• Available tools for assessing tardive dyskinesia are reviewed, alongside clinician-reported challenges.

Impact:

• This review aims to enhance clinical understanding and diagnostic accuracy for tardive dyskinesia.
• It provides a foundation for future research into the underlying mechanisms and improved treatment strategies.
• Facilitates better patient care by addressing the limitations in current clinical practice.