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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant-Insect Interactions

Background:

  • Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACEs) are crucial in mammalian physiology.
  • The role of ACE homologs in insect saliva, particularly in aphid-plant interactions, remains largely unknown.
  • Aphids secrete effector proteins into plants to facilitate feeding and compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACEs) in pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) saliva.
  • To determine the impact of ACEs on aphid feeding behavior and survival on host plants.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of three ACE genes in the pea aphid genome.
  • Analysis of ACE gene expression in salivary glands and under different feeding conditions (artificial diet vs. Vicia faba).
  • RNA interference (RNAi) to knock down ACE gene expression and assess effects on aphid feeding and survival.

Main Results:

  • ACE1 and ACE2 were highly expressed in salivary glands and predicted to be secretory.
  • Simultaneous knockdown of ACE1 and ACE2 significantly enhanced aphid feeding, reducing time to find phloem sap and increasing passive ingestion.
  • However, simultaneous knockdown of ACE1 and ACE2 led to increased aphid mortality when feeding on plants.

Conclusions:

  • ACE1 and ACE2 play a dual role in modulating aphid-plant interactions.
  • These ACEs collectively regulate both the feeding efficiency and survival of Acyrthosiphon pisum on host plants.