Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.6K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.6K
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

2.0K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
2.0K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

574
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
574
Relationship Growth01:27

Relationship Growth

298
Interpersonal relationships progress through stages, beginning with awareness and moving toward mutuality, where emotional connections deepen. While many relationships remain at moderate levels of mutuality, deeper connections form through self-disclosure, trust, and interdependence.Self-DisclosureSelf-disclosure involves revealing personal information, starting with surface-level details and gradually progressing to more intimate content. As trust grows, individuals feel more comfortable...
298
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

2.5K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
2.5K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

19.1K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
19.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Continuous associations of the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives with transitions between cigarette and e-cigarette use.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same author

Time-varying mediated effects of the nicotine patch on smoking before and after a quit attempt when it is added to varenicline and counseling.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2026
Same author

Time-Varying Path-Specific Direct and Indirect Effects: A Novel Approach to Examine Dynamic Behavioral Processes with Application to Smoking Cessation.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same author

Assessing the Urinary Cyanoethyl Mercapturic Acid to Cotinine Ratio for Classifying Tobacco Use Status in a Longitudinal Cohort of Cigarette, e-Cigarette, and Dual Users.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2025
Same author

Smoking Behavior and Environmental Cues-The Importance of Time and Place.

JAMA network open·2025
Same author

Treatment of Nicotine Use in Adolescents Under 18 Years of Age: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
08:53

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community

Published on: May 31, 2019

5.9K

Withdrawal: Expanding a Key Addiction Construct.

Megan E Piper1

  • 1Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI mep@ctri.wisc.edu.

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
|March 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Tobacco withdrawal is complex, varying due to biological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Understanding this variability and new symptoms improves addiction treatment targets.

More Related Videos

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

8.0K
Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
08:53

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community

Published on: May 31, 2019

5.9K
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

8.0K
Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Withdrawal is a key concept in addiction theory, signaling dependence and relapse.
  • Traditional views of withdrawal as a uniform set of symptoms may be insufficient for modern addiction models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the understanding of tobacco withdrawal.
  • To examine withdrawal variability and its underlying causes.
  • To identify new withdrawal symptoms and cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tobacco withdrawal.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to withdrawal variability (biological, personal, environmental, behavioral).
  • Exploration of novel withdrawal symptoms and cognitive aspects.

Main Results:

  • Withdrawal is highly variable, influenced by multiple factors.
  • New symptoms and cognitive processes offer a richer characterization of the withdrawal experience.
  • Current conceptualizations may not fully capture the complexity of withdrawal.

Conclusions:

  • A modern conceptualization of tobacco withdrawal is needed.
  • Optimal assessment of withdrawal can be enhanced by considering variability and new symptoms.
  • Improved understanding can lead to better identification of treatment targets for addiction.