Membrane transporter engineering in industrial biotechnology and whole cell biocatalysis

Douglas B Kell1, Neil Swainston2, Pınar Pir3

  • 1School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Scale-Up Processes01:14

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