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Super-heavy element research.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Super-heavy nuclei are elements with high atomic numbers.
  • The 'island of stability' hypothesis predicts longer-lived super-heavy nuclei near specific 'magic' numbers of protons and neutrons.
  • Investigating these nuclei is crucial for understanding nuclear structure and limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and investigation of the 'island of stability' for super-heavy nuclei.
  • To discuss the synthesis, decay properties, and identification methods for these nuclei.
  • To demonstrate the role of shell effects in nuclear stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the DGFRS separator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR).
  • Conducted fusion reactions using calcium-48 projectiles with uranium-238 to californium-249 targets.
  • Analyzed experimental data and compared it with theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized heaviest nuclei, including isotopes of elements 112-118.
  • Observed decay properties and identified new isotopes and their decay products.
  • Demonstrated increased nuclear stability with higher neutron numbers, approaching the predicted magic number N=184.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evidence supports the 'island of stability' concept.
  • Shell effects significantly influence the stability of super-heavy nuclei.
  • Approaching the neutron magic number N=184 leads to enhanced nuclear stability.