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Ocular biocompatibility evaluation of hydroxyl-functionalized graphene
Mimi Lin1, Ruitao Zou1, Haiyan Shi1
1Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
Summary
Hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) shows minimal genotoxicity and mild apoptosis in cells. In vivo studies confirm its good intraocular biocompatibility, with gradual diffusion and no significant damage to rabbit eyes.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) is a promising alternative to graphene oxide.
- Previous work established G-OH as a viable material for various applications.
- Further investigation into G-OH's safety profile is crucial for its clinical translation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the genotoxicity of hydroxylated graphene (G-OH).
- To assess the in vivo biocompatibility of G-OH following intravitreal injection in rabbits.
- To determine the safety of G-OH for potential ocular applications.
Main Methods:
- Cell-based assays (caspase-3, p53, ROS, comet assay, flow cytometry) were used to assess genotoxicity.
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to study cellular uptake and release mechanisms.
- In vivo biocompatibility was evaluated through intravitreal injection in rabbits, including fundus photography, intraocular pressure, electroretinogram, and histological analysis.
Main Results:
- G-OH exhibited slight apoptosis (less than 5% enhanced caspase-3) and mild DNA damage (low p53 and ROS levels).
- Cell viability remained high (>90% at 50 μg/mL, >80% at 100 μg/mL G-OH).
- TEM confirmed G-OH's endocytosis/exocytosis without cell membrane damage; in vivo studies showed gradual diffusion in the vitreous without significant ocular damage.
Conclusions:
- Hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) demonstrates a favorable safety profile with low genotoxicity and good biocompatibility.
- G-OH is suitable for ocular applications due to its ability to penetrate cells without causing harm and its safe behavior in the vitreous.
- These findings support G-OH as a safe and effective nanomaterial for biomedical use, particularly in ophthalmology.
