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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

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Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults
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[Oral dosage forms for children: acceptability and palatability].

Jun Kojima1

  • 1Medical and Health Resources Institute, 4-38-7 Higashi Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku; Perioperative Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku; Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan. jdw06164@nifty.com

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric patients often reject oral medicines due to poor palatability. Developing palatable solid dosage forms, like mini-tablets, is crucial for improving medication adherence and treatment outcomes in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Pediatric Medicine

Context:

  • Children's medicine acceptance is often hindered by unfavorable sensory attributes like taste and texture.
  • Liquid formulations (syrups, suspensions) present challenges including poor solubility, taste, portability, and storage requirements.
  • Intravenous administration due to oral rejection causes stress for patients and caregivers.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the importance of palatability in pediatric oral medication acceptability.
  • To discuss the shift towards oral solid medicines, such as mini-tablets, for pediatric use.
  • To emphasize the need to integrate palatability considerations into the formulation design of pediatric oral medicines.

Summary:

  • Children's rejection of medicines impacts treatment efficacy and can necessitate stressful intravenous administration.
  • While liquid formulations are common, they have drawbacks; the World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends oral solid medicines for children.
  • Mini-tablets are proposed as an alternative, but their suitability requires further investigation, with palatability being a key factor.

Impact:

  • Improving the palatability of pediatric oral medicines can enhance patient adherence and therapeutic success.
  • The development of acceptable solid dosage forms can reduce the need for intravenous routes and associated patient/caregiver distress.
  • Integrating palatability into formulation design is essential for creating effective and well-accepted pediatric medications.