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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

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Protein sulfhydration.

Bindu D Paul¹, Solomon H Snyder²

¹The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Methods in Enzymology

|March 10, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter, signals through sulfhydration, a posttranslational modification. Aberrant sulfhydration is linked to diseases like Parkinson's, and detection methods are evolving.

Keywords:

Hydrogen sulfide Maleimide assay Modified biotin switch Nitrosylation Sulfhydration

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Physiology

Background:

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a crucial gasotransmitter involved in numerous biological processes and signaling pathways.
Sulfhydration, a posttranslational modification analogous to nitrosylation, involves the conversion of cysteine residues to persulfides.
Dysregulated sulfhydration patterns are implicated in various pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the physiological significance of sulfhydration.
To review and discuss the methodologies employed for detecting sulfhydration.
To highlight the role of H2S in cellular signaling and disease.

Main Methods:

Discussion of sulfhydration as a posttranslational modification.
Explanation of the mechanism of sulfhydration at cysteine residues.
Adaptation of the biotin switch assay for sulfhydration detection.

Main Results:

Sulfhydration is a prevalent in vivo modification.
Altered sulfhydration is associated with pathological conditions.
The biotin switch assay can be modified to detect sulfhydration.

Conclusions:

Sulfhydration plays a vital role in cellular signaling and homeostasis.
Understanding sulfhydration is crucial for comprehending disease mechanisms.
Advanced detection methods are essential for studying sulfhydration's role in health and disease.