Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 16, 2026
Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
Prognostic value of vascular invasion in well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma
Volkert B Wreesmann1, Iain J Nixon, Michael Rivera
11 Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York.
Background:
Vascular invasion (VI) is an important predictor of distant metastasis and possible radioactive iodine (RAI) benefit in follicular, Hürthle cell, and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas, but its role in well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer (WDTC) remains unclear.
Methods:
Archived pathological material of all differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing primary surgical treatment at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1986 and 2003 was reviewed by two dedicated thyroid pathologists. Only WDTCs were included in the present study. Standard statistical methods were used to assess the relationship between VI and outcomes of interest, including 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS).
Results:
VI was present in 47 of 698 WDTC (6.7%). VI was significantly associated with tumor size >4.0 cm, extrathyroidal extension, distant metastasis, and RAI treatment. On univariate analysis, VI was predictive of decreased 10-year DRFS, but not DSS or RRFS. On multivariate analysis, VI was not an independent predictor of DRFS. Univariate survival analysis of 422 RAI-naïve WDTC showed that both size >4 cm and VI were predictors of outcome, but only size remained independently predictive on multivariate analysis.
Conclusion:
The presence of VI is not an independent predictor of outcome in WDTC.
