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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

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The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Tablet Computing in Clinical Training of Pediatric Residents.

David J Howard1, Sally A Coovert2, Michael D Coovert1

  • 11 Department of Psychology, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida.

Telemedicine Journal and E-Health : the Official Journal of the American Telemedicine Association
|March 10, 2015
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Pediatric residents extensively used iPads for clinical training, finding them effective for information management and display. Despite device weight concerns, iPads successfully facilitated aspects of residency education.

Keywords:
educationtechnologytelehealthtelemedicine

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education Technology
  • Graduate Medical Education

Background:

  • Medical residents require both theoretical education and practical clinical skills training.
  • Emerging technologies and pedagogies are continuously being developed to enhance these training phases.
  • This research specifically evaluates the effectiveness of tablet devices, such as the iPad, for clinical skills development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and resident satisfaction of using iPads for clinical skills training.
  • To understand how iPads are integrated into the daily clinical activities of medical residents.
  • To identify the primary functions and perceived obstacles associated with iPad use in residency training.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year study involving 94 incoming pediatric residents at the University of South Florida.
  • Residents were provided with an iPad for the duration of the program.
  • A survey was administered at the end of the 3 years to measure perceptions and satisfaction with iPad use.

Main Results:

  • A 60% response rate to the post-program survey.
  • 93% of surveyed residents reported daily iPad usage for clinical activities.
  • Primary uses included obtaining, managing, and displaying clinical information; device weight was the most cited obstacle.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of graduate medical education is evolving with technological integration.
  • Tablets like iPads can significantly impact residency training, complementing traditional methods.
  • iPads are demonstrably effective tools for facilitating key aspects of clinical skills training in medical education.