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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.8K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.9K
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

9.9K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
9.9K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
9.2K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

8.7K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Related Experiment Video

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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

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Osteoarthritis.

S Glyn-Jones1, A J R Palmer1, R Agricola2

  • 1Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes widespread pain and disability. Early diagnosis and joint-preserving treatments are crucial, but current methods for detecting early OA and its progression remain limited.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Orthopedics
  • Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of global pain, disability, and economic burden.
  • Its complex epidemiology involves genetic, biological, and biomechanical factors, varying by joint.
  • Current treatments focus on end-stage disease (joint replacement), with limited functional outcomes and prosthesis longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the shift towards prevention and early treatment of osteoarthritis.
  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing early OA due to limitations of conventional imaging.
  • To explore the potential of new diagnostic and outcome measures for early OA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of osteoarthritis epidemiology and risk factors.
  • Assessment of limitations in conventional imaging for early disease detection.
  • Evaluation of emerging advances in imaging and biochemical markers for OA diagnosis.
  • Overview of joint-preserving interventions in development, including lifestyle, pharmaceutical, and surgical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Conventional imaging detects only advanced osteoarthritis, and pain doesn't always correlate with structural damage.
  • Advances in imaging and biochemical markers show promise for earlier diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficacy.
  • Several joint-preserving interventions are under investigation, but few have demonstrated the ability to halt or slow disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for improved methods to diagnose and manage early-stage osteoarthritis.
  • Emerging technologies offer potential for earlier detection and better outcome assessment.
  • Further research is required to validate and implement effective joint-preserving strategies to delay OA progression.