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Related Experiment Videos

Diversification and extinction patterns among Neogene perimediterranean mammals.

J J Jaeger1, J L Hartenberger

  • 1Laboratoire de Paléontologie des Vertébrés, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), France.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|November 6, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Neogene rodent communities in Western Europe experienced significant origination and extinction events, particularly in Spain and southern France. These dynamics reveal insights into community evolution and potential driving forces like climate change and geographic shifts.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Neogene Mammalian Evolution
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Rodents represent the best-preserved mammalian fossil record from the Neogene of Western Europe.
  • Understanding rodent community dynamics in Spain and southern France offers insights into Neogene faunal changes.
  • The Neogene period (24-3 million years ago) is characterized by significant evolutionary events in mammalian orders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze origination and extinction rates of rodent communities during the Neogene in southwestern Europe.
  • To identify key periods of high origination and extinction events.
  • To investigate potential driving forces behind these faunal dynamics, including climate and geographic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the mammalian fossil record, focusing on rodents from Neogene deposits in Spain and southern France.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Dating of fossil occurrences to establish timelines for origination and extinction events.
  • Correlation of faunal changes with paleoclimatic and paleogeographic events, such as Tethys closure and Antarctic ice growth.

    • Main Results:

    • Three periods of high rodent origination were identified: late Burdigalian (17.5 Ma BP), early Vallesian (11.5-11 Ma BP), and early Pliocene (4.2-3.8 Ma BP).
    • Significant extinction events followed two of these origination peaks (11.5-11 Ma BP and 4.2-3.8 Ma BP), with the most severe occurring during the early Vallesian.
    • Faunal turnover accelerated in the early Pliocene, reducing mean species duration. Immigration events at 17.5 Ma BP and middle/late Miocene boundary events were linked to Tethys closure and Southern Hemisphere ice growth, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • Neogene rodent faunal dynamics in southwestern Europe were shaped by periods of rapid origination and extinction, influenced by global environmental changes.
    • The region acted as a continental province with a dynamic southern archipelago, fostering endemic faunas with unique evolutionary trajectories.
    • Further precise calibration of marine fossil records is needed to correlate land-mammal extinction events with marine events.