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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

63
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
63
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.3K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.3K
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.8K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.8K
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

933
The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
933
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.6K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.6K
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

3.5K
Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
3.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2012

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Autoimmune hepatitis.

Farhad Sahebjam1, John M Vierling

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor-St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Frontiers of Medicine
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease often diagnosed using scoring systems. Treatment involves immunosuppression, with liver transplantation as a last resort for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease resulting from immune system attack on liver cells.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical, biochemical, serological, and histological findings, as specific biomarkers are lacking.
  • AIH is classified into types 1 and 2, with autoantigenic epitopes identified only for type 2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of autoimmune hepatitis in adults.
  • To discuss current diagnostic scoring systems and evolving criteria for remission.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies, including immunosuppression and liver transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on autoimmune hepatitis in adults.

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  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including scoring systems.
  • Evaluation of immunosuppressive therapies and outcomes of liver transplantation.

    • Main Results:

    • Diagnosis requires integrating multiple clinical and laboratory features, aided by scoring systems.
    • Current remission criteria emphasize complete biochemical and histological normalization.
    • Prednisone/prednisolone with azathioprine is standard; budesonide/azathioprine offers advantages for non-cirrhotic patients.
    • Liver transplantation is crucial for acute liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of autoimmune hepatitis relies on tailored immunosuppression and timely consideration of liver transplantation.
    • Further research into immunopathogenesis is needed for novel biomarkers and therapies.
    • Understanding AIH is critical for improving patient outcomes and managing complications like inflammatory bowel disease post-transplant.