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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Related Experiment Video

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Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
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Basic and supplementary sensory feedback in handwriting.

Jérémy Danna1, Jean-Luc Velay1

  • 1Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille France.

Frontiers in Psychology
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how sensory feedback aids handwriting. Auditory feedback shows promise for real-time assistance in learning and rehabilitation, enhancing motor control.

Keywords:
auditionenriched realityhandwritingproprioceptionsensory feedbacksonificationvision

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Handwriting mastery is crucial for societal participation.
  • Effective handwriting relies on precise motor control and sensory feedback (FB).
  • New technologies offer potential for computer-assisted FB to improve handwriting learning and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate which aspects of handwriting movements are influenced by sensory FB.
  • To understand how different sensory modalities contribute to handwriting control and learning.
  • To explore the effectiveness of supplementary FB for handwriting improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on naturally occurring sensory FB in handwriting.
  • Analysis of how sensory information is used for motor programming and online adjustments.
  • Examination of research on supplementary FB, including auditory and visual modalities.

Main Results:

  • Natural sensory FB provides crucial information for handwriting control, evolving with practice.
  • Supplementary FB can enhance handwriting motor control and learning.
  • Auditory FB is particularly relevant for real-time supplementary assistance in handwriting movements.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding natural FB is key to developing effective supplementary FB strategies.
  • Auditory FB presents a promising avenue for real-time, computer-assisted handwriting assistance.
  • Technological advancements, especially with tablets, will likely drive future innovations in handwriting rehabilitation.