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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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The Interplay between PP2A and microRNAs in Leukemia.

Peter P Ruvolo1

  • 1Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA.

Frontiers in Oncology
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is crucial for tumor suppression. Dysregulation of PP2A or microRNAs (miRs) contributes to cancer and drug resistance by impacting cell survival signaling.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a key serine/threonine phosphatase family involved in tumor suppression.
  • Loss of PP2A activity is linked to tumorigenesis and drug resistance in various cancers.
  • PP2A regulates critical tumor suppressors (e.g., p53) and oncogenes (e.g., BCL2, MYC), controlling cell survival signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of microRNA (miR) regulation of PP2A.
  • To explore the role of the miR/PP2A axis in cellular homeostasis and cancer, with a focus on leukemia.
  • To discuss PP2A's regulation of miR expression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miR regulation of PP2A.
  • Analysis of recent findings on PP2A B subunit (B55α) regulating miRs in acute myeloid leukemia.
Keywords:
AKTPP2AleukemiamicroRNAsignal transduction

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  • Discussion of the interplay between miRs and PP2A in cellular signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • Recent studies suggest clinically significant miRs (e.g., miR-155, miR-19) may target PP2A.
    • A PP2A B subunit (B55α) was found to regulate multiple miRs in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
    • The identification of a miR/PP2A axis reveals a novel regulatory pathway in cellular homeostasis.

    Conclusions:

    • The miR/PP2A axis offers a novel regulatory mechanism for cellular homeostasis.
    • Dysregulation of this axis, through loss of PP2A or specific miRs, can promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance.
    • Understanding this axis is crucial for developing new cancer therapies, particularly in leukemia.