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Alcoholic and postoperative delirium: a case-control study.

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Delirium in alcoholics presents with longer duration and cognitive decline, while surgical delirium is linked to age and acute stress. Both require intensive, multidisciplinary care.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Delirium is an urgent psychiatric condition often following alcohol abuse, surgery, or social deprivation.
  • This study investigated sociodemographic and psychopathological differences in delirium patients with alcohol versus surgical origins in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2003-2012.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sociodemographic and psychopathological differences in delirium patients.
  • To compare delirium patients with alcohol genesis versus surgical genesis.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, multicentric study in Bosnia and Herzegovina involving 150 patients (75 alcoholics, 75 surgical patients).
  • Utilized the ICD-10 criteria, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  • Employed descriptive and analytical statistical processing with a significance level of p=0.001.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol group: higher rates of unemployment, ruined marriages, alcohol abuse, psychoticism (EPQ), depression (HDRS), and cognitive impairment (MMSE) (p=0.001).
  • Surgical group: older age, higher acute stress, and neuroticism (p=0.001).
  • Discriminant function analysis confirmed significant differences between the two groups (Canonical Fcn: r=0.771, p=0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol-related delirium is associated with prolonged duration, cognitive deficits, and organic brain lesions.
  • Surgical delirium is linked to advanced age, acute stress, comorbidities, neuroticism, and transient cognitive impairment.
  • Both forms of delirium necessitate intensive care and a multidisciplinary approach.