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White matter integrity in young smokers: a tract-based spatial statistics study.

Dahua Yu1, Kai Yuan2, Baohua Zhang1

  • 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China.

Addiction Biology
|March 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Young smokers exhibit altered white matter (WM) microstructure, indicated by increased fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD), and decreased radial diffusivity (RD). These WM changes correlate with smoking severity, suggesting potential biomarkers for nicotine dependence.

Keywords:
Diffusion tensor imagingsmokingtract-based spatial statistics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies show inconsistent effects of smoking on white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA).
  • Multiple DTI indices may offer specific biomarkers for WM neuropathology in young smokers.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for assessing the neurological impact of smoking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate WM microstructure alterations in young smokers using multiple DTI-derived indices.
  • To identify specific brain regions affected by smoking.
  • To correlate WM changes with smoking severity and nicotine dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) applied to DTI data.
  • Analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD).
  • Comparison between 23 young smokers and 22 healthy controls, with correlation analysis to smoking pack-years and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.

Main Results:

  • Young smokers showed significantly increased FA, increased AD, and decreased RD in specific brain regions compared to controls.
  • No significant difference in mean diffusivity (MD) was observed.
  • Affected regions included the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, right external capsule, and right superior corona radiata.
  • FA and RD values in these regions correlated with pack-years and nicotine dependence scores.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking alters WM microstructure in young individuals, characterized by increased FA and AD, and decreased RD.
  • These microstructural changes, particularly in specific white matter tracts, may serve as biomarkers for the cumulative effects and severity of nicotine dependence.
  • The observed WM changes are more strongly associated with RD than AD in young smokers.