Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.5K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.5K
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

800
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
800
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.6K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.6K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

1.3K
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
1.3K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.4K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensory over-responsivity and atypical neural responses to socially relevant stimuli in autism.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2024
Same author

Anaesthetists' current practice and perceptions of aerosol-generating procedures: a mixed-methods study.

Anaesthesia·2022
Same author

Cover crops and carbon stocks: How under-vine management influences SOC inputs and turnover in two vineyards.

The Science of the total environment·2022
Same author

Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study.

Nature neuroscience·2021
Same author

Evaluation of urinary chloride dipsticks for the rapid estimation of hydration status in patients receiving artificial nutrition: Feasibility study.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2021
Same author

Quality of life, cognitive, physical and emotional function at diagnosis predicts head and neck cancer survival: analysis of cases from the Head and Neck 5000 study.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2020
Same journal

Distinct and common subcortical functional connectivity revealed across three major psychiatric disorders - CORRIGENDUM.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same journal

Adversity as the key feature: neuroimaging profiles of subtypes from multiple depression risk factors.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same journal

Sorting the mind: cognitive enhancement through transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same journal

Depression and aging: insights from brain age prediction models.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same journal

An integrative NLP framework identifies multilevel linguistic phenotypes of schizophrenia across tasks.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same journal

Predicting functional remission after antipsychotic discontinuation: a real-world study in schizophrenia - ERRATUM.

Psychological medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.3K

Prefrontal hypoactivation during working memory in bipolar II depression.

J O Brooks1, N Vizueta1, C Penfold1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences,UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior,Los Angeles,CA,USA.

Psychological Medicine
|March 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bipolar II depression shows reduced brain activation in frontal and parietal regions during working memory tasks. This suggests impaired fronto-parietal circuit function in bipolar II disorder.

Keywords:
working memory

More Related Videos

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.3K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

17.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.3K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.3K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

17.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Abnormal neural activation during working memory tasks is known in bipolar I depression.
  • Neural changes in bipolar II depression remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural activation patterns during working memory in bipolar II depression.
  • To compare brain activity in bipolar II depressed individuals versus healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an n-back task.
  • Comparison of 19 unmedicated bipolar II depressed subjects with 19 healthy controls.
  • Whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses across memory loads (0-, 1-, 2-back).

Main Results:

  • No significant group difference in accuracy across memory loads.
  • Bipolar II subjects showed significantly less activation in left frontal (BA 11, BA 10) and parietal regions (BA 40, BA 39).
  • Reduced activation was also observed in bilateral occipital regions; no differences in dorsolateral prefrontal or anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar II depression is characterized by hypoactivation in the left medio-frontal and parietal cortex during working memory.
  • Findings suggest disruption of the fronto-parietal circuit in bipolar II depression.
  • This disruption aligns with findings across other bipolar subtypes and mood states.