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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Time-lapse Imaging of Mouse Macrophage Chemotaxis
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Targeting chemokines: Pathogens can, why can't we?

Amanda E I Proudfoot1, Pauline Bonvin1, Christine A Power2

  • 1Geneva Research Centre, Merck Serono S.A., 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Genève and NovImmune S.A., 14 chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland.

Cytokine
|March 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemokines are crucial for directing immune cell movement. Despite early pharmaceutical promise, developing chemokine receptor inhibitors has been challenging, yet parasites offer insights into anti-chemokine strategies.

Keywords:
ChemokineChemokine-binding proteinsGlycosaminoglycanPathogensReceptor inhibitors

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Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Chemokines, a large cytokine subfamily, orchestrate leukocyte migration via G protein-coupled receptors.
  • Chemokine receptors are attractive pharmaceutical targets due to their 7-transmembrane structure, common in marketed drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for targeting the chemokine system in drug discovery.
  • To explore lessons from parasitic anti-chemokine mechanisms for future therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chemokine biology and receptor targeting approaches.
  • Analysis of parasitic evasion strategies related to host chemokines.

Main Results:

  • Development of chemokine receptor inhibitors has faced significant hurdles.
  • Parasites possess evolved mechanisms to counteract host chemokine signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the chemokine system for drug development remains challenging.
  • Understanding parasite-host interactions may reveal novel therapeutic avenues for modulating chemokine pathways.