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The final acylation step for lipoproteins is not essential in Francisella tularensis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This is because their Lol sorting system can process both diacylated and triacylated lipoproteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Lipoprotein (Lpp) processing is crucial for Gram-negative bacteria, involving triacylation by Lnt and sorting via the Lol system to the outer membrane (OM).
  • The Lnt enzyme's role in the final acylation step is generally considered essential for mature Lpp function and OM insertion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the essentiality of the lnt gene in lipoprotein processing in Francisella tularensis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which lipoproteins are sorted to the OM in the absence of the final acylation step.

Main Methods:

  • Generating and characterizing an Lnt deletion mutant (Δlnt) in Francisella tularensis.
  • Analyzing the acylation status and OM localization of lipoproteins in the Δlnt mutant.
  • Investigating the Lol system's capacity to sort diacylated lipoproteins.
  • Comparative analysis of lnt gene essentiality and Lol system architecture in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Main Results:

  • The lnt gene is not essential for the survival of Francisella tularensis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • A Francisella Δlnt mutant exhibits altered growth and increased susceptibility to certain antibiotics.
  • Key OM lipoproteins (Tul4A/LpnA and Tul4B/LpnB) are diacylated but still correctly sorted to the OM in the Δlnt mutant.
  • The Lol sorting pathway in Francisella and Neisseria possesses a modified ABC transporter capable of recognizing and sorting both diacylated and triacylated lipoproteins.

Conclusions:

  • The final acylation step of lipoprotein processing is dispensable in certain Gram-negative bacteria, including Francisella and Neisseria.
  • A modified Lol sorting system enables the efficient OM localization of incompletely acylated lipoproteins.
  • Gram-negative bacteria can be categorized based on the essentiality of the final Lpp acylation step, with implications for understanding Lpp biogenesis and potential drug targets.