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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Published on: August 1, 2018

Collateral pathways in portal hypertension.

Malay Sharma¹, Chittapuram S Rameshbabu²

¹Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Saket, Meerut 250 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

|March 11, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Portosystemic collateral veins (PSCV) are common in portal hypertension. This review illustrates PSCV and portoportal pathways in liver cirrhosis and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO).

Keywords:

AIPDV, anterior inferior pancreatico duodenal vein ASPDV, anterior superior pancreatico duodenal vein AV, azygos vein BCS, Budd–Chiari syndrome CBD, common bile duct CT, computed tomography DV, duodenal varices ECD, epicholedochal EHPVO, extrahepatic portal vein obstruction ERVP, extrinsic rectal venous plexus FJT, first jejunal trunk GEV, gastroepiploeic vein GT, gastrocolic trunk GV, gastric varices IMV, inferior mesenteric vein IPDV, inferior pancreatico duodenal vein IRV, inferior rectal veins IRVP, intrinsic rectal venous plexus IVC, inferior vena cava LGEV, left gastroepiploic vein LGV, left gastric vein LPV, left portal vein MCV, middle colic vein PACD, paracholedochal PHB, portal hypertensive biliopathy PIPDV, posterior inferior pancreatico duodenal vein PPCV, portoportal collateral vein PSCV, portosystemic collateral veins PSPDV, posterior superior pancreatico duodenal vein PUV, paraumbilical vein PV, portal vein PVT, portal vein thrombosis RGEV, right gastroepiploic RGV, right gastric vein SMV, superior mesenteric vein SRV, superior rectal vein SV, splenic vein SVC, superior vena cava US, ultrasonography collateral pathways portal hypertension varices

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Area of Science:

Vascular anatomy and physiology
Gastroenterology
Hepatology

Background:

Portosystemic collateral veins (PSCV) are frequently observed in patients with portal hypertension, particularly those with liver cirrhosis.
Normal portosystemic anastomoses exhibit hepatofugal flow, which increases with portal hypertension due to backpressure transmission.
In extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), collateral circulation typically develops with hepatopetal flow and portoportal pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and illustrate the diverse pathways of portosystemic collateral veins (PSCV) and portoportal collaterals.
To highlight the relevance of these pathways in the context of portal hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis and EHPVO.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on anatomical and physiological studies of portosystemic collateral circulation.
Analysis of imaging findings and clinical data related to PSCV and portoportal pathways in liver disease.

Main Results:

Detailed description of various PSCV pathways and their flow dynamics in cirrhosis.
Characterization of portoportal collateral formation in EHPVO, emphasizing hepatopetal flow direction.
Identification of common and atypical collateral pathways relevant to clinical presentation.

Conclusions:

Understanding the distinct patterns of PSCV and portoportal collaterals is crucial for managing portal hypertension in cirrhosis and EHPVO.
The direction of blood flow in collaterals differs significantly between cirrhosis and EHPVO, impacting therapeutic strategies.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of collateral pathways for clinicians and researchers.