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Microstructural abnormalities in children with post-traumatic stress disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study at

Du Lei1, Lingjiang Li2, Lei Li1

  • 1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.

Scientific Reports
|March 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to brain microstructure changes, particularly in the default-mode and salience networks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed these abnormalities in children after a major earthquake.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder with significant impacts.
  • Brain microstructure abnormalities in pediatric PTSD are not well understood.
  • Traumatic events, like major earthquakes, can trigger PTSD in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain microstructure alterations in children with PTSD using MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • To compare DTI findings in children with PTSD to traumatized children without PTSD.
  • To identify specific brain networks affected by PTSD in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to acquire and analyze brain data.
  • Measures included fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD).
  • Study included 27 children with PTSD and 24 matched controls who experienced the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.

Main Results:

  • Children with PTSD exhibited abnormal patterns in FA and diffusivity measures (MD, AD, RD).
  • Abnormalities were concentrated in the default-mode network (precuneus, angular gyrus) and salience network (insula, putamen, thalamus).
  • Findings suggest altered connectivity between these critical brain networks.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric PTSD is associated with significant brain microstructure abnormalities.
  • These alterations involve key networks crucial for cognitive and emotional regulation.
  • Results support the hypothesis of a connectivity disequilibrium between salience and default-mode networks in pediatric PTSD, indicating potential pathophysiological significance.