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Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the flashed face distortion effect.

Tanya Wen1, Chun-Chia Kung2

  • 1Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.

Journal of Vision
|March 12, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The flashed face distortion (FFD) effect involves viewing flashing faces that appear distorted. This fMRI study found that early visual cortex and face-selective areas responded to FFD strength, suggesting distinct neural networks for perception and subjective experience.

Keywords:
exploratory factor analysisfMRIflashed face distortionillusionretinotopic mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The flashed face distortion (FFD) effect, identified in 2011, causes faces flashed in peripheral vision to appear grotesque.
  • This phenomenon occurs with sequentially presented, eye-aligned faces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the flashed face distortion (FFD) effect using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To identify brain regions and networks associated with the perception and subjective experience of FFD.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent fMRI scans while viewing faces under four conditions: varying illumination, alternating face pairs, and non-repeated faces.
  • Brain activity was analyzed in relation to participants' subjective ratings of the FFD magnitude.
  • Region of Interest (ROI) analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed to examine neural network segregation.

Main Results:

  • Activity in early visual cortex (V1-V4) and face-selective areas (FFA, OFA) correlated with the rated FFD strength.
  • Positive correlations were found in frontal areas, while negative correlations were observed in the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, insula, and middle frontal gyri.
  • Time series analysis and EFA revealed distinct clusters of positively and negatively correlated ROIs, suggesting two main neural subsystems.

Conclusions:

  • The FFD effect is mediated by at least two distinct neural networks.
  • One network is likely involved in the perceptual processing of the distorted faces.
  • Another network appears to be responsible for subjective feelings and engagement with the illusion.