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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: September 23, 2017

Interaction between visual and motor cortex: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

Gionata Strigaro^1,2, Diane Ruge¹, Jui-Cheng Chen^1,3,4

¹Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

The Journal of Physiology

|March 13, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate visual-motor integration. They found that visual input inhibits motor cortex activity at rest but facilitates it during visual reaction tasks, suggesting a role in visuomotor processing.

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Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

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Published on: August 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Visual Processing

Background:

The dorsal stream connects visual and motor systems, enabling visual input to influence motor cortex activity.
Understanding the neural basis of visuomotor interaction is crucial for explaining how visual information guides movement.
Previous research suggests visual input can reach the motor cortex with a short latency, but the precise pathways and mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural basis of visuomotor interaction using paired transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
To explore the functional connections between visual and motor cortices.
To determine the role of these connections in visuomotor integration during reaction-time tasks.

Main Methods:

Paired-pulse TMS was applied to the visual cortex (occiput) and the primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy volunteers.
Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle.
Stimulation effects were assessed at rest and during visual and auditory reaction-time tasks, and on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI).

Main Results:

A conditioning stimulus over the occiput significantly suppressed test MEPs at rest with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 18-40 ms.
During a visual reaction-time task, inhibition at an ISI of 40 ms was replaced by facilitation, while an auditory task showed no effect.
An occipital conditioning stimulus facilitated SICI at an ISI of 40 ms.

Conclusions:

Paired-TMS with ISIs of 18-40 ms can probe functional connections from visual to motor cortices.
These connections are inhibitory at rest, potentially involving inhibitory interneurons in the motor cortex.
The observed reversal from inhibition to facilitation during a visual reaction-time task highlights the role of these connections in visuomotor integration.