Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

8.4K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
8.4K
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

6.7K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
6.7K
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

5.6K
The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles,...
5.6K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

3.5K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
3.5K
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

5.3K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
5.3K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

9.4K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
9.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term effects of s-KL treatment in wild-type mice: Enhancing longevity, physical well-being, and neurological resilience.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2025
Same author

Long-term effects of s-KL treatment in wild-type mice: Enhancing longevity, physical well-being, and neurological resilience.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2025
Same author

The gE/gI complex is necessary for kinesin-1 recruitment during alphaherpesvirus egress from neurons.

Journal of virology·2024
Same author

ANKS1B encoded AIDA-1 regulates social behaviors by controlling oligodendrocyte function.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Comparing synaptic proteomes across five mouse models for autism reveals converging molecular similarities including deficits in oxidative phosphorylation and Rho GTPase signaling.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2023
Same author

Editorial: Bidirectional Communication Between Synapses and Nucleus in Brain Physiology and Disease.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience·2022
Same journal

Scalable phosphotyrosine enrichment with SH2 superbinder enables deep profiling of EGF responses.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same journal

Essential nucleus-apical pole linkage maintains division fidelity during Plasmodium progeny formation.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same journal

From cell atlases to mechanisms: bridging scRNA-seq discovery with in vivo genetics.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same journal

Mitochondrial calcium regulates lipid metabolism by modulating tethering of mitochondria to lipid droplets.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same journal

Chromosome condensation mechanically primes the nucleus for mitosis.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same journal

NDR kinase SAX-1 controls dendrite branch-specific elimination during neuronal remodeling in C. elegans.

The EMBO journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins
10:03

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

Published on: August 10, 2014

12.6K

Presynapses go nuclear!

Dana O Kravchick1, Bryen A Jordan2

  • 1Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

The EMBO Journal
|March 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic plasticity requires gene expression changes. A new study reveals that CtBP-1 shuttling between presynaptic terminals and the nucleus regulates this gene expression, highlighting presynaptic roles in synapse-to-nucleus signaling.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

32.2K
Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence
09:18

Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence

Published on: January 29, 2019

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins
10:03

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

Published on: August 10, 2014

12.6K
Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

32.2K
Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence
09:18

Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence

Published on: January 29, 2019

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Long-term synaptic function changes depend on gene expression.
  • Research has primarily focused on postsynaptic signaling pathways (e.g., calcium, protein messengers) that influence nuclear gene expression.
  • The role of presynaptic sites in synapse-to-nucleus communication remains less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of presynaptic mechanisms in regulating gene expression for synaptic plasticity.
  • To identify molecules involved in shuttling between presynaptic terminals and the nucleus.
  • To understand how presynaptic activity influences nuclear events controlling gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular biology techniques to track protein localization.
  • Investigated the function of CtBP-1 (C-terminal binding protein 1) in neuronal signaling.
  • Examined the impact of CtBP-1 shuttling on gene expression patterns in neurons.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that CtBP-1 shuttles between presynaptic terminals and neuronal nuclei.
  • Showed that this shuttling process directly regulates gene expression.
  • Identified a novel presynaptic pathway contributing to synapse-to-nucleus signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Presynaptic zones play a crucial role in regulating gene expression necessary for synaptic plasticity.
  • CtBP-1 is a key mediator of synapse-to-nucleus signaling, linking presynaptic activity to nuclear events.
  • Future research should consider presynaptic mechanisms when studying long-term synaptic modifications and gene regulation.