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Sex differences in time perception during smoking abstinence.

Rebecca L Ashare1, Joseph W Kable2

  • 1Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; rlashare@mail.med.upenn.edu.

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|March 13, 2015
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Summary

Nicotine withdrawal impacts male smokers' time perception, making them overestimate time and increasing impulsive decisions. These changes may be key to understanding smoking relapse, with sex differences playing a role.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Nicotine withdrawal is linked to impulsive decision-making and smoking relapse.
  • Time perception is crucial for decision-making, with impulsivity associated with altered time perception.
  • The moderating role of sex in nicotine withdrawal's effects on impulsivity and time perception is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nicotine withdrawal affects time perception and decision-making.
  • To determine if sex moderates these effects.

Main Methods:

  • 33 adult smokers (12 female) completed two lab sessions: 24-hour abstinence and usual smoking.
  • Participants underwent time perception tasks, a decision-making task, and self-report measures.
  • Abstinence was biochemically verified, and session order was counterbalanced.

Main Results:

  • Males overestimated time during abstinence more than during usual smoking; females showed no session effect.
  • Smokers were less accurate in time discrimination during abstinence, particularly females.
  • Males exhibited higher delay discounting rates than females, irrespective of abstinence status.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine abstinence may affect time perception more in males.
  • Males generally show steeper delay discounting, indicating higher impulsivity.
  • Time perception alterations during abstinence could be a mechanism driving smoking relapse, potentially moderated by sex.