Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

904
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
904
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

391
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
391
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

374
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
374
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

3.3K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
3.3K
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

569
Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
569
IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods01:28

IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods

169
The development of extended-release formulations has facilitated the transition from intravenous to oral medication, offering a more convenient and patient-friendly approach to drug administration. This transition, however, requires careful management to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained, preserving efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. Understanding pharmacokinetic principles and dosage calculations is critical during this process.Pharmacokinetics of the...
169

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correlation Between Renal Biomarkers, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Meropenem Clearance in Pediatric Septic Shock.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
Same author

Characterization of innate immune cells with regulatory functions in subjects with a remote history of Kawasaki disease who lack natural regulatory T cell specificities.

Immunology letters·2026
Same author

Acute Intensification May Reduce Persistent Coronary Artery Damage from Kawasaki Disease in Infants Younger Than 6 Months.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

VRC01 with antiretroviral initiation in infants is well tolerated, and higher concentrations associate with greater HIV-1 DNA declines.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

Minimal correlation but complementary diagnostic utility for plasma cell-free RNA and proteins.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Artificial Intelligence Enhanced Electrocardiogram Analysis for Age and Sex Classification in Youth.

Pediatric cardiology·2026
Same journal

Ganciclovir Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
Same journal

Commentary on "Examining the Evidence Around Acetaminophen and Autism Risk".

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
Same journal

Sweet or Salty: Comparing Dextrose and Sodium Acetate Umbilical Arterial Catheter Fluids.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
Same journal

A Case of Prolonged Serotonin Toxicity After Fluoxetine Ingestion in an Adolescent Patient.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
Same journal

Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Pediatric Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
Same journal

Heparin Resistance - A Reality or Fallacy.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

31.7K

Optimizing pediatric esmolol dosing using computerized practitioner order entry.

Tihua Chao1, James C Perry2, Gale L Romanowski1

  • 1Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California.

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG
|March 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that while esmolol is safe for pediatric patients, adherence to the institutional protocol was poor, leading to suboptimal dosing. A revised, data-driven protocol was implemented to improve therapeutic outcomes for cardiovascular conditions.

Keywords:
computerized practitioner order entryesmololpediatricspharmacologyquality improvement

More Related Videos

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K
Author Spotlight: Simulating Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Using a Neonatal Piglet Model
04:55

Author Spotlight: Simulating Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Using a Neonatal Piglet Model

Published on: May 26, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

31.7K
Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K
Author Spotlight: Simulating Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Using a Neonatal Piglet Model
04:55

Author Spotlight: Simulating Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Using a Neonatal Piglet Model

Published on: May 26, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy
  • Quality improvement initiatives

Background:

  • Esmolol is a beta-blocker used for blood pressure and rhythm control in pediatric patients.
  • Existing institutional guidelines for esmolol use require assessment for adherence, efficacy, and achievement of therapeutic targets.
  • Tachyarrhythmias and systemic hypertension are common critical conditions in pediatric intensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the cardiovascular dose-response and adverse effects of esmolol in pediatric patients.
  • To evaluate an institutional guideline's adherence, efficacy, and target achievement for pediatric tachyarrhythmias or hypertension.
  • To revise the esmolol dosing protocol based on study findings.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of pediatric/neonatal subjects receiving esmolol for blood pressure or rhythm control.
  • Inclusion criteria: intensive care unit (ICU) setting and bedside telemetry monitoring.
  • Data collected: demographics, esmolol administration, concurrent medications, cardiovascular goals, and vital signs.

Main Results:

  • Eight subjects (10 esmolol administrations) were included.
  • Esmolol demonstrated overall safety and effectiveness in controlling hypertension and tachyarrhythmia.
  • Poor protocol adherence resulted in subtherapeutic dosing, premature dose adjustments, and erratic dosing strategies.

Conclusions:

  • A new, data-driven protocol was developed and implemented following a program-wide conference.
  • The revised protocol offers more precise dosing and clearer therapeutic targets, considering esmolol pharmacokinetics.
  • This quality improvement initiative highlights the importance of evidence-based protocols in pediatric intensive care pharmacology.