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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Observational Learning01:12

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Preschoolers prefer to learn causal information.

Aubry L Alvarez1, Amy E Booth1

  • 1Early Learning Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA ; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|March 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Young children prefer learning about cause-and-effect relationships. This study found three-year-olds actively sought causal information over non-causal details when exploring new objects, highlighting a key aspect of early learning.

Keywords:
causal informationcausalitylearningpreferencespreschoolers

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Young children exhibit a natural curiosity to understand their environment.
  • It remains unclear if this drive specifically targets causal information or other novel details.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether young children preferentially seek causal information compared to non-causal information.
  • To understand the role of causal understanding in early childhood learning and motivation.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty 3-year-old children participated in the study.
  • Children were exposed to two informants: one providing causal descriptions and the other non-causal descriptions of novel items.
  • Children's choices of informant for further information were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Children demonstrated a significant preference for causal information, choosing it on 72% of trials.
  • This preference indicates a specific attunement to causal properties during exploration.

Conclusions:

  • Young children actively seek causal explanations to understand the world.
  • Understanding this preference can inform educational strategies to enhance engagement and learning in early childhood.