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Related Concept Videos

Ethical Issues01:27

Ethical Issues

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Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
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Decision Making01:20

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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The attitude-behavior discrepancy in medical decision making.

Fei He1, Dongdong Li2, Rong Cao1

  • 1School of Public Management, Northwest University, Xian, China.

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
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Patient decisions in medical situations often differ from their attitudes. Framing medical information, such as survival or mortality rates, significantly influences choices and attitudes toward treatment plans.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Medical decision-making
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Patient behavior

Background:

  • Patient dissatisfaction with medical decisions can lead to doctor-patient conflict.
  • Limited research exists on the underlying reasons for patient dissatisfaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the attitude-behavior discrepancy in medical decision-making.
  • To examine the effect of framing on medical choices and attitudes.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental study involving 450 clinical undergraduates.
  • Participants were randomly assigned to groups exposed to medical scenarios framed positively or negatively.
  • Assessed decision-making behavior, attitude toward risky plans, and attitude toward conservative plans.

Main Results:

  • A significant discrepancy between attitude and behavior was observed in medical contexts.
  • Framing information (mortality vs. survival rates) influenced the choice of conservative plans.
  • Framing significantly impacted both decision-making behavior and attitudes toward different treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • Attitude-behavior discrepancies are present in medical decision-making.
  • The way medical information is framed significantly affects patient choices and attitudes.