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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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MicroRNAs

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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

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Published on: March 29, 2018

Expression and Function of MicroRNAs in Enamel Development.

Yachuan Zhou, Liwei Zheng, Jianxun Sun

¹West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. gaob@scu.edu.cn.

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

|March 13, 2015

Summary

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression during tooth enamel development. Understanding these microRNAs (miRNAs) aids in addressing enamel malformations and developing new therapies.

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Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression.
MiRNAs play crucial roles in various developmental processes.
Dental enamel formation is a complex developmental event influenced by gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the expression and functions of miRNAs in dental enamel development.
To explore the role of miRNAs in signaling pathways governing stem cell behavior and tooth structure formation.
To highlight the potential of miRNA research for understanding and treating enamel malformations.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on miRNA expression and function in enamel development.
Analysis of signaling pathways potentially modulated by miRNAs.
Discussion of implications for stem cell biology and tooth patterning.

Main Results:

MiRNAs are actively expressed and functionally significant during enamel development.
Specific miRNAs are implicated in regulating stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and cusp patterning.
MiRNA-mediated regulation of signaling pathways is crucial for normal enamel formation.

Conclusions:

MiRNAs are key regulators of dental enamel development.
Further research into miRNA mechanisms can elucidate causes of enamel malformations.
Targeting miRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for dental developmental disorders.