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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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To plasticity and back again.

H Frederik Nijhout1

  • 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.

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|March 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nematode worm evolution shows that changes in developmental flexibility, both gains and losses, drive the diversity of physical forms. This evolutionary process shapes the physical characteristics observed in these organisms.

Keywords:
C. elegansPristionchus pacificuscomplexitydevelopmental plasticityevolutionary biologyevolutionary ratesgenomicsnematodes

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Zoology

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adjust their traits in response to environmental changes.
  • Evolutionary processes can act on the degree of developmental flexibility, influencing trait variation.
  • Nematode worms exhibit a wide range of physical forms, suggesting diverse evolutionary pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of developmental flexibility in shaping phenotypic diversity in nematode worms.
  • To determine whether the gain or loss of flexibility contributes to evolutionary diversification.
  • To understand the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the variety of physical forms in nematodes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of developmental pathways across different nematode species.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction to infer the history of flexibility changes.
  • Morphological analysis to quantify physical form diversity.

Main Results:

  • Both increased and decreased developmental flexibility were observed in the evolution of nematode phenotypes.
  • Changes in flexibility were correlated with significant diversification in physical forms.
  • Specific instances of flexibility loss led to novel, constrained phenotypes, while flexibility gain allowed for broader adaptive radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental flexibility is a key evolutionary factor in nematode diversification.
  • Both constraints and opportunities arising from changes in flexibility contribute to the evolution of physical forms.
  • Understanding flexibility dynamics is crucial for comprehending nematode evolutionary trajectories.