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Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

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Published on: September 2, 2017

Surface modification-induced phase transformation of hexagonal close-packed gold square sheets.

Zhanxi Fan¹, Xiao Huang¹, Yu Han²

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

Nature Communications

|March 14, 2015

Summary

Researchers achieved a complete phase transformation of gold square sheets (AuSSs) from hexagonal close-packed (hcp) to face-centered cubic (fcc) structures at ambient conditions. This breakthrough enables controlled synthesis of nanocrystals with novel properties.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Conventional nanocrystal phase transformations require extreme conditions like high temperature or pressure.
Controlling crystal phase and morphology is crucial for tuning nanocrystal properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To achieve complete phase transformation of gold square sheets (AuSSs) from hcp to fcc structures under ambient conditions.
To explore new synthetic routes for crystal-phase and shape-controlled inorganic nanocrystals.

Main Methods:

Surface ligand exchange on AuSSs to induce phase transformation.
Coating hcp AuSSs with a thin silver (Ag) film to facilitate phase transformation.
Monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (M-EELS) for optical property analysis.

Main Results:

Complete transformation of hcp AuSSs to (100)f-oriented fcc AuSSs at ambient conditions via ligand exchange.
Two distinct transformation pathways observed upon Ag coating, yielding (100)f-oriented fcc Au@Ag core-shell structures or mixed hcp/fcc Au@Ag nanosheets.
Strong surface plasmon resonance absorption in the infrared region for fcc AuSS and Au@Ag square sheets.

Conclusions:

Ambient condition phase transformation of inorganic nanocrystals is achievable through surface modification.
This method provides a versatile route for controlled synthesis of nanocrystals with specific crystal phases and morphologies.
The developed AuSSs and Au@Ag nanosheets exhibit promising optical properties for infrared applications.