Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 16, 2026
09:13
Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
Published on: November 1, 2011
18.2K
Interplay between the Virus and Host in Rift Valley Fever Pathogenesis
Kaori Terasaki1, Shinji Makino
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex., USA.
Journal of Innate Immunity
|March 14, 2015
Summary
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes severe illness in humans and animals. This review details RVFV pathogenesis mechanisms and viral protein functions impacting disease severity.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne Phlebovirus causing outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East.
- RVFV infection presents with fever, myalgia, and potentially severe hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis.
- The virus also causes significant economic losses through spontaneous abortions in ruminants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on Rift Valley fever virus pathogenesis mechanisms.
- To describe the biological functions of RVFV proteins influencing pathogenicity.
- To highlight recent research utilizing animal models and mutant viruses.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies on RVFV pathogenesis.
- Analysis of data from animal model systems.
- Examination of protein expression systems and mutant viruses.
Main Results:
- Elucidation of mechanisms underlying RVFV-induced pathogenesis.
- Identification of specific viral proteins and their roles in disease severity.
- Understanding of factors contributing to RVFV pathogenicity.
Conclusions:
- Mechanisms of RVFV pathogenesis are increasingly understood through advanced research.
- Viral protein functions are critical determinants of RVFV pathogenicity.
- Continued research is essential for developing effective prevention and control strategies against RVFV.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Arboviral Encephalitis
46
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
46
00:57Viral Recombination
25.9K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.9K
01:20Infection
14.7K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
14.7K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.6K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.6K
01:18Viral Meningitis
151
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
151
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
50.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.8K