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Status of cardiovascular health in Chinese adults
Yufang Bi1, Yong Jiang2, Jiang He3
1State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Insights
Cardiovascular health is alarmingly low in Chinese adults, with only 0.2% achieving ideal status. This highlights an urgent need for public health initiatives to improve cardiovascular health across China.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in China.
- Assessing the current state of cardiovascular health is crucial for public health planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health among Chinese adults.
- To identify factors associated with cardiovascular health in this population.
Main Methods:
- A nationally representative sample of 96,121 Chinese adults (≥20 years) was surveyed in 2010.
- Ideal cardiovascular health was defined by the American Heart Association's 2020 goals, encompassing 4 ideal health behaviors and 4 ideal health factors.
- Data included smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet, cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose.
Main Results:
- Only 0.2% of Chinese adults achieved ideal cardiovascular health (0.1% men, 0.4% women).
- Ideal health behaviors were present in 0.7% of adults, while ideal health factors were present in 13.5%.
- Ideal diet was the least prevalent metric (1.6%); female sex and younger age were protective factors.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health in China is critically low.
- Both population-wide and targeted high-risk strategies are essential to enhance cardiovascular health.
- Urgent interventions are needed to address the CVD burden in China.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in China.
Objectives:
The goal of this study was to evaluate the current status of cardiovascular health in Chinese adults.
Methods:
Cardiovascular health data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 96,121 Chinese adults age ≥ 20 years in 2010. Ideal cardiovascular health was defined according to the American Heart Association's 2020 Strategic Impact Goals as follows: the simultaneous presence of 4 favorable health behaviors (ideal smoking status, ideal body mass index, physical activity at goal, and healthy dietary habits) and 4 favorable health factors (ideal smoking status, untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dl, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, and untreated fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dl) in the absence of a history of cardiovascular disease.
Results:
The estimated percentage of ideal cardiovascular health was 0.2% in the general adult population in China (0.1% in men and 0.4% in women). An estimated 0.7% (0.4% in men and 1.0% in women) of Chinese adults had all 4 ideal health behaviors, and 13.5% (5.0% in men and 22.3% in women) had all 4 ideal health factors. Men most frequently had 3 to 4 ideal components, and women most commonly had 4 to 5 ideal components of the 7 cardiovascular health metrics. Ideal diet (1.6%) was the least common among all cardiovascular health metrics. Female sex and younger age were the 2 most common protective factors for cardiovascular health in Chinese adults.
Conclusions:
The percentage of ideal cardiovascular health in Chinese adults is extremely low. Both population-wide and high-risk strategies should be implemented with great effort to promote cardiovascular health in China.
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