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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
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Epstein-barr virus encephalitis: a case report.

Somayh Hashemian1, Farah Ashrafzadeh1, Javad Akhondian1

  • 11. Pediatric Neurology Department, Ghaem hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology
|March 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis is a rare condition. EBV infection should be considered in children with basal ganglia lesions and neurological symptoms.

Keywords:
Basal gangliaEncephalitisEpstein-Barr virus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to cause various neurological complications.
  • These can include encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, sometimes alongside infectious mononucleosis.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old girl presented with a week of fever, gait disturbance, and unusual behavior.
  • Physical examination findings were normal.
  • Cranial MRI revealed high signal intensities in the basal ganglia, specifically the putamen and caudate nucleus.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of EBV encephalitis was confirmed through EBV-specific antibody titers and characteristic MRI findings.
  • The MRI findings showed lesions localized to the basal ganglia and striatal body.

Implications:

  • EBV encephalitis, though rare, presents with diverse neurological symptoms.
  • Basal ganglia lesions on MRI in children with neurological symptoms warrant consideration of EBV infection.