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Related Concept Videos

Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

4.4K
A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Forced Oscillations01:06

Forced Oscillations

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When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
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Standing Waves01:17

Standing Waves

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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Harmonic mode locking of bound solitons.

Zhiqiang Wang, Li Zhan, Asif Majeed

    Optics Letters
    |March 14, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers explored passive harmonic mode locking (HML) of bound solitons in fiber lasers. Stable HML states with fixed separation were achieved, demonstrating a new intrinsic laser feature beyond single solitons.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Mode-locked fiber lasers are crucial for generating ultrashort optical pulses.
    • Nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) is a common technique for achieving mode locking.
    • Bound states of solitons (BSs) offer potential for advanced optical signal processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate passive harmonic mode locking (HML) in bound states of two solitons (BSs).
    • To analyze the stability and characteristics of HML in BSs.
    • To confirm BSs as an intrinsic feature of fiber lasers.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic experimental investigation of passive HML.
    • Utilizing a fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR).

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    Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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  • Varying pump power and polarization state to control HML order.

    • Main Results:

    • Stable HML states of BSs with fixed separation (1.5 ps) were achieved.
    • Repetition rate was tunable from fundamental to ninth-order HML by adjusting pump power.
    • BS trains demonstrated high stability and reproducibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Passive HML of BSs is a stable and reproducible phenomenon in NPR fiber lasers.
    • BSs represent an intrinsic characteristic of the laser, similar to single solitons.
    • This finding expands the understanding of soliton dynamics in mode-locked lasers.