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Related Concept Videos

Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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Fineness of Cement

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The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
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Hydration of Cement01:24

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

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Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Lead sorption performance on active silica derived from fly ash.

Xizhu Zhang1, Zhibao Zhu2

  • 1Ministry of Environmental Protection, Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Beijing 100012, China

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|March 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Active silica from fly ash effectively removes lead (Pb2+) from water. This material exhibits a high surface area and efficient sorption, outperforming some activated carbons.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, contains valuable silica and aluminum components.
  • Developing cost-effective adsorbents for heavy metal removal is crucial for environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sorption properties of active silica derived from fly ash for lead (Pb2+) removal.
  • To characterize the physical and chemical properties of the active silica.
  • To compare its performance against other adsorbents.

Main Methods:

  • Separation of silica and aluminum from fly ash to produce active silica.
  • Characterization using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
  • Sorption experiments to determine uptake kinetics, pH dependency, and isotherm models.

Main Results:

  • Active silica exhibited a significantly increased specific surface area (115 m²/g) compared to fly ash (4 m²/g).
  • FESEM revealed a honeycomb-like structure with mesopores, indicating a high surface area.
  • Rapid Pb(2+) removal (from 1.25 mg/L to <10 μg/L in 45 min) was observed.
  • Sorption efficiency was pH-dependent, increasing with higher pH due to enhanced electrostatic attraction.
  • A stepwise non-linear isotherm indicated heterogeneous active sites.
  • Maximum Pb sorption capacity exceeded 90 mg/g.

Conclusions:

  • Active silica derived from fly ash is a highly effective adsorbent for Pb(2+) removal.
  • Its porous structure and tunable surface chemistry contribute to superior sorption performance.
  • This material presents a sustainable alternative to conventional adsorbents like activated carbon.