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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

Electrochromic graphene molecules.

Zhiqiang Ji¹, Stephen K Doorn¹, Milan Sykora¹

¹†Chemistry Division, ‡Materials Physics, Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nano-Technologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.

|March 14, 2015

Summary

Graphene molecules (GMs) synthesized on indium tin oxide electrodes exhibit significant, rapid color changes upon electrochemical oxidation and reduction, enabling potential electrochromic applications.

Keywords:

electrochemistry electrochromism graphene graphene molecule graphene quantum dot nanographene spectro-electrochemistry

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, termed Graphene Molecules (GMs) (C132H36(COOH)2), are synthesized.
GMs were prepared in situ on nanocrystalline indium tin oxide (nc-ITO) electrodes.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the electronic structure of GMs.
Determine the electrochemical properties of GMs.
Explore potential electrochromic applications of GMs.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical synthesis of GMs on nc-ITO.
Electrochemical and spectro-electrochemical studies.
Analysis using a modified Nernst equation.

Main Results:

Potential variations caused dramatic changes in GM absorption, linked to oxidation and reduction.
Standard potentials determined: E1,ox(0) = 0.77 ± 0.01 V, E2,ox(0) = 1.24 ± 0.02 V, E1,red(0) = -1.50 ± 0.04 V.
Nonideal charge transfer processes observed, attributed to strong GM redox center interactions.

Conclusions:

GMs demonstrate rapid, high-contrast, and stable color changes under potential cycling.
GMs function effectively as the optically active component in an electrochromic device.
The study highlights the potential of GMs in electrochromic technologies.