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Mesoscopic nucleation theory for confined systems: a one-parameter model.

Miguel A Durán-Olivencia1, James F Lutsko2

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This study extends classical nucleation theory to confined systems, revealing how finite system size and interfacial width impact nucleation rates and barriers, especially in small pores and vesicles.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Classical nucleation theory (CNT) describes phase transitions.
  • Recent advances reformulate CNT using fluctuating hydrodynamics.
  • Nucleation in confined systems remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend dynamical CNT to nucleation within confined systems (e.g., small pores, vesicles).
  • To quantify the influence of finite system size on nucleation rates.
  • To investigate the impact of non-zero interfacial width on nucleation barriers and rates.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a reformulated classical nucleation theory based on fluctuating hydrodynamics.
  • Analysis of nucleation phenomena in systems with finite available mass.
  • Theoretical modeling of nucleation in confined geometries.

Main Results:

  • Finite system size limits maximal supercritical cluster size and can inhibit nucleation.
  • Nucleation rate is significantly affected by system size constraints.
  • Relaxing the zero interfacial width assumption alters nucleation barrier and rate.

Conclusions:

  • System size is a critical factor influencing nucleation in confined environments.
  • Interfacial width plays a crucial role in accurately predicting nucleation behavior.
  • The dynamical approach to nucleation provides a more comprehensive understanding for confined systems.