Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

924
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
924
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

19.5K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
19.5K
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

157.7K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
157.7K
Formation of Concentrated Urine01:23

Formation of Concentrated Urine

4.5K
There is a gradient of solutes in the interstitial fluid from the renal cortex through the medulla, known as the medullary osmotic gradient. The juxtamedullary nephrons establish and maintain this gradient using countercurrent mechanisms with loops extending deep into the medulla. These nephrons also use countercurrent mechanisms to regulate urine volume and concentration. The interaction between the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop creates an osmotic gradient through...
4.5K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

232.1K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
232.1K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

7.4K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
7.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Boundary constraints can determine pattern emergence.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Hedgehog-driven adaxial cell constriction patterns slow muscle fate and somite boundary remodeling in the presomitic mesoderm.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Identification of optimal fluorophores for use in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo.

Molecular biology of the cell·2026
Same author

Dynamic expression and differential requirement of the myocyte fusogen Myomixer during distinct myogenic episodes in the zebrafish.

Biology open·2025
Same author

CellMet: Extracting 3D shape and topology metrics from confluent cells within tissues.

PLoS computational biology·2025
Same author

Interfacial energy constraints are sufficient to align cells over large distances.

Biophysical journal·2025
Same journal

Tension on dsDNA bound to ssDNA-RecA filaments may play an important role in driving efficient and accurate homology recognition and strand exchange.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Amplitude-phase coupling drives chimera states in globally coupled laser networks [Phys. Rev. E 91, 040901(R) (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Shapes of sedimenting soft elastic capsules in a viscous fluid [Phys. Rev. E 92, 033003 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Attenuation of excitation decay rate due to collective effect [Phys. Rev. E 90, 022142 (2014)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Role of connectivity and fluctuations in the nucleation of calcium waves in cardiac cells [Phys. Rev. E 92, 052715 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Lattice Boltzmann approach for complex nonequilibrium flows [Phys. Rev. E 92, 043308 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients
09:28

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

Published on: April 19, 2010

12.7K

Aggregation-fragmentation model of robust concentration gradient formation.

Timothy E Saunders1

  • 1Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Signaling molecule clustering can form concentration gradients essential for biological patterning. This theoretical model, applied to fission yeast, shows cluster-mediated gradients form robustly without excessive molecular stabilization.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Designing Simple and Inexpensive Techniques to Grow Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Laboratory
07:31

Author Spotlight: Designing Simple and Inexpensive Techniques to Grow Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Laboratory

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.4K
Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients
09:28

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

Published on: April 19, 2010

12.7K
Author Spotlight: Designing Simple and Inexpensive Techniques to Grow Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Laboratory
07:31

Author Spotlight: Designing Simple and Inexpensive Techniques to Grow Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Laboratory

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.4K
Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Concentration gradients of signaling molecules are crucial for biological patterning in development.
  • Such gradients are observed across unicellular and multicellular organisms.
  • Clustering of signaling molecules has been noted within subcellular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for cluster-mediated concentration gradient formation.
  • To investigate the robustness and applicability of this mechanism.
  • To explain the pom1p subcellular gradient in fission yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling using Becker-Döring equations for aggregation-fragmentation.
  • Analysis of cluster-mediated gradient formation dynamics.
  • Application of the model to a specific biological system (pom1p gradient).

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates that clustering can generate robust concentration gradients.
  • These gradients form on realistic time and spatial scales.
  • The mechanism is effective provided clustering does not overly stabilize the signaling molecule.

Conclusions:

  • Cluster-mediated processes provide a viable mechanism for forming essential signaling gradients.
  • The theoretical model successfully explains the pom1p subcellular gradient in fission yeast.
  • This mechanism offers insights into gradient formation in both subcellular and cellular contexts.