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This study reveals that dynamical mode locking and Shapiro steps occur in both upper and middle layers of a three-layer model. The middle layer

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • The Frenkel-Kontorova model describes driven interfaces and chains of particles.
  • Understanding the dynamics of multi-layered systems under external forces is crucial.
  • Substrate potentials influence the behavior of interacting particle systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of a three-layer model with coupled harmonic chains under DC+AC driving force.
  • To analyze the emergence and characteristics of dynamical mode locking and Shapiro steps in both upper and middle layers.
  • To determine the dependence of these phenomena on system parameters and critical forces.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of an overdamped three-layer model with two interacting harmonic chains.
  • Application of a combined DC and AC external force to the upper layer.
  • Analysis of dynamical mode locking, Shapiro steps, and critical forces.

Main Results:

  • Dynamical mode locking and Shapiro steps are observed in both the upper and middle layers.
  • The upper layer's dynamics resemble the standard Frenkel-Kontorova model.
  • The height of the first Shapiro step in the upper layer is independent of inter-layer interactions, while the middle layer's step height depends solely on intra-layer interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the propagation of driven dynamics across coupled layers in a particle chain system.
  • System parameters, including driving force amplitude and frequency, significantly influence critical forces for transitions between locked and sliding states.
  • The findings offer insights into the complex behavior of multi-layered driven systems.