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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

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Published on: January 9, 2014

Ion separation effects in mixed-species ablators for inertial-confinement-fusion implosions.

Peter Amendt¹, Claudio Bellei¹, J Steven Ross¹

¹Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|March 14, 2015

Summary

Plastic (CH) ablators used in inertial confinement fusion may experience species separation during mass ablation. This phenomenon can lead to energy loss and reduced rocket efficiency, impacting fusion ignition efforts.

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Area of Science:

Plasma physics
Nuclear fusion
Materials science

Background:

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at the National Ignition Facility utilize plastic (CH) ablators.
Current simulations model CH ablators as average-atom fluids, neglecting species separation.
Mass ablation in mixed materials can lead to phenomena like species separation.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the potential for species separation in CH ablators during ICF implosions.
Analyze the thermodynamic consequences of species separation on energy loss and rocket efficiency.
Interpret experimental evidence of ablator species separation within ICF targets.

Main Methods:

Developed a generalized plasma barometric formula for multispecies concentration gradients.
Incorporated collisionality and steady flows in spherical geometry into the model.
Utilized a plasma expansion into a vacuum model to analyze experimental data.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that mass ablation can induce species separation in CH ablators.
Thermodynamic analysis indicates parasitic energy loss and reduced rocket efficiency due to separation.
Interpreted experimental data supporting ablator species separation in ICF targets.
Conjectured the possibility of "runaway" hydrogen ions in the ablation front's thermoelectric field.

Conclusions:

Species separation in plastic ablators is a significant factor affecting ICF performance.
The developed plasma barometric formula provides a framework for understanding multispecies plasma behavior.
Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate the effects of species separation and ion dynamics in ICF.